mycobacterium bovis in humansmycobacterium bovis in humans

During the interval between the first and second tests, none had traveled abroad or recalled eating unpasteurized dairy products from Mexico. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are Most importantly, the numerator and denominator should be clearly reported, and percentages of identified M. bovis cases should be calculated. Dean AS, Forcella S, Olea-Popelka F, Idrissi AE, Glaziou P, Benyahia A, Mumford E, Erlacher-Vindel E, Gifford G, Lubroth J, Raviglione M, & Fujiwara P (2018). Unknown travel and dietary history. Countries of birth are Mexico (n = 26), Guatemala (n = 1), and Philippines (n = 1). All 39 persons testing positive reported no knowledge of a prior positive TB test result, but information was lacking to verify the accuracy of their recall. Disclaimer. Essentially, spoligotyping was the most common procedure. provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply Although diagnosis and treatment of every person with TB is one of the key activities of the End TB Strategy, it has recently been recognized that people at risk of zoonotic TB have been neglected. Human Tuberculosis due toMycobacterium bovisin the United States, 19952005. In the current review, the average prevalence of M. bovis cases estimated from genotyping-based studies conducted in Africa was lower than in the other regions covered. Ereqat S, Nasereddin A, Azmi K, Abdeen Z, Greenblatt CL, Spigelman M, Rastogi N, Bar-Gal GK (2012). Both patients had pulmonary cavities on radiography and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on sputum-smear microscopy, indicators of being contagious (4). Consistencies of extracted information obtained from the two authors were compared. National Library of Medicine clonal complexes), and the evolution and ecology of this pathogen has been only marginally explored at the global level. Muller and colleagues projected that the pooled contribution of zoonotic disease in the African region was estimated to be 2.8% of clinically confirmed cases (Mller et al., 2013). As disease prevalence in cattle decreases these efforts are sometimes impeded by passage of M. bovis from Cases and associated risk factors were retrospectively identified from recorded database, Patients were recruited at health facilities and there was no specific selection criteria. Regassa Alemayehu, Medhin Girmay, Ameni Gobena (2008). In this review, the 19 included studies showed a large prevalence difference in reported zoonotic TB that ranged from 0.4% (Ghariani et al., 2015) to 76.7% (Siala et al., 2017). Among the remaining two who were also potentially exposed to patient B at the church, one tested positive (patient Bs grandfather). Gumi B, Schelling E, Berg S, Firdessa R, Erenso G, Mekonnen W, Hailu E, Melese E, Hussein J, Aseffa A, & Zinsstag J (2012). Among the 13 high-priority contacts of patient A, 11 did not attend the church. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Keywords: The funnel plot (Figure 5) was constructed from study estimates with pseudo 95% confidence limit against standard error of the estimates. Lpez-Rocha E, Jurez-lvarez J, Riego-Ruiz L, Enciso-Moreno L, Ortega-Aguilar F, Hernndez-Nieto J, Enciso-Moreno JA, Lpez-Revilla R (2013). Beside methodological differences on species isolation and identification, the proportion of human M. bovis cases reported by primary studies have shown significant variation that could also be due to some underlying conditions. This review and meta-analysis study has been conducted in accordance with published protocol (ID = CRD42017076409) (Hawult Taye et al., 2017). Human TB is caused principally by M. tuberculosis. Meta-analysis findings of the random model that shows individual study estimates (ES (95% CI)) of genotyping-based studies and subtotal prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis across regions, Meta-analysis findings of the random model that shows individual study estimates (ES (95% CI)) of genotyping-based studies and subtotal prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis with respect to site. There was a vast difference in zoonotic TB prevalence among the individual studies that ranged from 0.42% (Ghariani et al., 2015) up to 76.7% on primary analysis (Siala et al., 2017). In this review, this group is referred to as genotyping-based identification methods. These cattle included four dairy cows in Nuevo Len and one steer in Durango, Mexico. The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. Through that, the final searching term (Table S1) was built at PubMed database, which is the primary searching engine. All identified articles from the different databases were imported to the Endnote reference manager software (sofrev no. The chapters are organized for quick access to well-indexed topics, and extensive reference lists are included to aid infectious disease specialists . GeneXpert assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens from a high TB endemic area of Pakistan. 2018 Oct 1;158:1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.06.012. Christianson S, Wolfe J, Orr P, Karlowsky J, Levett PN, Horsman GB, Thibert L, Tang P, Sharma MK (2010). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. In general, our systematic review suggests that zoonotic TB is still widespread in the world. While subtotal estimates of seven studies conducted in Africa showed a lower contribution of M. bovis with an ES of 0.006 (0.0030.008). Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and humans. Portillo-Gmez L, Sosa-lglesias EG (2011). Patient Bs isolate was cultured by Nebraska Public Health Laboratory from a sputum sample collected during early August, and it was similarly sent for first- and second-line drug susceptibility testing and genotyping. Person-to-person airborne transmission of M. bovis has been reported infrequently, with uncertainty remaining about dietary exposures (3). The isolate was resistant both to pyrazinamide (PZA), which suggested that the infection was caused by M. bovis, and to low-concentration isoniazid (INH) (5). the date of publication. Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to From all 19 studies included in this review, a total of 7,185 MTBC species were isolated of which 702 (9.77%) were identified as M. bovis. [Investigation of Mycobacterium bovis subsp. Would you like email updates of new search results? Bovine tuberculosis infection in human historically occurs following consumption of unpasteurised dairy products. 2022 Sep 7;10:994745. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994745. The sequences did not match others in NVSLs library, but the isolates shared a common ancestor with isolates from five cattle in Mexico.. In late September 2014, both patients isolates were sent to the United States Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) where whole-genome sequencing was performed. In the second group, the studies used primarily different PCR-based genotyping techniques (Bayraktar et al., 2011; Belay et al., 2014; Ereqat et al., 2012; Etchechoury et al., 2010; Firdessa et al., 2013; Gumi et al., 2012; Jabbar et al., 2015; Jenkins et al., 2011; Khattak et al., 2016; Lopez Rocha et al., 2013; Nuru et al., 2015, 2017; Traore et al., 2012; Yeboah-Manu et al., 2016) for identification of MTBC species as well as for differentiation of M. bovis. Tuberculosis from, LoBue PA, LeClair JJ, Moser KS. Given that Eggers test indicated as there is a significant small study effect at p-value of p >|t|= 0.000. Molecular Analysis of Human and Bovine Tubercle Bacilli from a Local Setting in Nigeria. Health and Human Services. Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 2014. In contrast however, three of these studies used Genotype MTBC (Hain Lifescience GmbH, Germany), a tool that has been shown to also differentiate M. bovis from other MTBC species (Richter et al., 2003). Although recognized for over a century, this form of human tuberculosis has been a source of considerable misunderstanding and controversy. Characteristics of included studies and their main findings were summarized in tables and discussed with narrative syntheses. Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF in Tunisia, International Journal of Mycobacteriology. Public health responses to M. bovis pulmonary TB should be the same as those for M. tuberculosis TB, with additional inquiries about consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Yeboah-Manu D, Asare P, Asante-Poku A, Otchere ID, Osei-Wusu S, Danso E, Forson A, Koram KA, & Gagneux S (2016). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Department for International Development, the Economic & Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the Natural Environment Research Council and the Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, under the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS) programme, ref: BB/L018977/1. Second, dietary history details could be forgotten during the interim, or consumers might be unaware of the origin or pasteurization status of dairy products they consumed. In the first subgroup analysis, which is grouped based on the regions where primary studies were conducted, a relatively higher prevalence was observed in Asia and Europe with subtotal ES of 0.046 (0.0190.073) and 0.043 (0.0220.082) respectively. Influenced by primary objective that was intended to show performance of the tool while species identification was based on biochemical tests. we compared the methodological differences and the M. bovis prevalence reported by these studies, which varied in the use of genotyping and conventional identification techniques. Evaluation of Genotype MTBC Assay for Differentiation of Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates. Humans become infected by consuming unpasteurized dairy products from infected cows (1,2); possible person-to-person airborne transmission has also been reported (3). Molecular identification of Mycobacterium bovis and the importance of zoonotic tuberculosis in Mexican patients, The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Surveillance and risk management during the latter stages of eradication: Experiences from Australia. Nevertheless, the highest prevalence of M. bovis was documented from studies conducted in two African countries, Ethiopia and Nigeria (Jenkins et al., 2011; Nuru et al., 2017), while two of the largest studies with very low individual estimates of zoonotic TB did have an influence on the pooled (subtotal) African prevalence (Firdessa et al., 2013; Yeboah-Manu et al., 2016). Species distribution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical isolates from 2007 to 2010 in Turkey: A prospective study. Epub 2005 Oct 28. Not only in resource-limited countries, until the end of the 20th century, investigations of zoonotic TB in many of the developed countries were mainly based on phenotypic characteristics of the species such as colony morphology and use of biochemical tests (Sreevatsan et al., 1996). The remaining 1,655 isolates (23%) originated from patients with different types of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). The genotyping-based studies reported significantly lower prevalence of zoonotic TB than did the studies based on older techniques. Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. No information was collected regarding his prior employment in Mexico, but he did report frequent consumption of raw milk. Molecular strain typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Bamako, Mali. PMC Before collecting the relevant information, the full text of selected studies was further reviewed; and then six (31.57%) of the total 19 eligible studies were randomly selected and used for piloting the data collection tool. Ghariani A, Jaouadi T, Smaoui S, Mehiri E, Marouane C, Kammoun S, Essalah L, Driss M, Messadi F, Slim-Saidi L (2015). Hence, all of those studies were excluded at this level and they were not considered in the remaining quantitative meta-analysis estimates. Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies. According to this plot, the reviewed studies seem symmetrically distributed on the right and left sides of the vertical line representing the pooled estimate, suggesting minimal publication bias. Baja California (BCA), Mexico, presents high prevalence of TB in both cattle and humans, making it important to investigate the molecular epidemiology of the disease in . Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates in Argentina: First Description of a Person-to-Person Transmission Case. NVSL sequences genomes for all U.S. M. bovis animal isolates, a convenience sample of cattle isolates from Mexico, and human isolates upon request.. 2021 Nov; 68(7): 704718. In fact, only five of the genotyping-based studies (Firdessa et al., 2013; Gumi et al., 2012; Jenkins et al., 2011; Nuru et al., 2015,2017) and one study that relied on biochemical test identification techniques (Portillo-Gomez & Sosa-lglesias, 2011) had clearly described supplementation of pyruvate or glycerol to enhance growth of M. bovis on the culture medium (Table 1a). Furthermore, the revised protocol developed for review of diagnostic studies had also been considered to evaluate the reliability and validity of molecular identification techniques (Mclnnes et al., 2018). Majoor CJ, Magis-Escurra C, van Ingen J, Boeree MJ, van Soolingen D (2011). Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A, van Agterveld M, van Soolingen D, Kuijper S, Bunschoten A, Molhuizen H, Shaw R, Goyal M, & van Embden J (1997). ** Genotyping results from CDCs National TB Genotyping Service for the isolates from 96 TB patients with culture-confirmed disease in Nebraska during 20062013 indicated that all were M. tuberculosis. Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is an infectious, chronic disease of cattle, which are known to be the primary hosts for this organism [], although the disease has also been reported in different mammalian hosts, including humans [].The disease has high economic relevance within the context of livestock farming; directly affects animal productivity and also . NIHMS1737556-supplement-Supporting_Information_1.docx, NIHMS1737556-supplement-Supporting_Information_2.docx, To determine the distribution of MTBC species, Investigating molecular Epidemiology of MTBC species, To identify and molecularly characterize the MTBC strains, To analyse the epidemiologic distribution, of the MTBC strains, To investigate the transmission of TB between farmers and their cattle, To determine the factors associated with M. bovis disease, To analysed spatial distribution of MTBC lineages, It was part of a major project focused on molecular and clinical epidemiology in a pastoral community, Focused on area with highest livestock population density in the country, PCR amplification differentiate two of the four, Targeted high-risk individuals who had close contact with livestock. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Among the 11 high-priority contacts of patient B, all were also potentially exposed to patient A at the church. Findings of a meta-analysis generated from the full model showing the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis (ES (95% CI)) stratified by genotyping- and conventional-based mycobacterial identification methods. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Here, we critically reviewed and aggregated prevalence of zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) reported by studies published in the last 10 years, with the aim to summarize recent findings. Bookshelf tuberculosis is the main causative agent of human TB, and cattle are the primary host of Mycobacterium bovis; due to close interaction between cattle and humans, M. bovis poses a zoonotic risk. Indeed, genotypic variations of MTBC strains, as well as lack of in-depth knowledge on host-pathogen co-evolutionary relationships, could hide the fundamental information and evidence needed to design effective preventive interventions (Legesse et al., 2011). Therefore, the prevalence discrepancy in this review indicates that some of the identification methods might not correctly differentiate M. bovis from other subspecies of the M. tuberculosis complex. Tuberculosis(TB) is a chronic communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species.M. Ameni G, Tadesse K, Hailu E, Deresse Y, Medhin G, Aseffa A, Hewinson G, Vordermeier M, & Berg S (2013). Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) were used for testing U.S.-born and foreign-born contacts, respectively; IGRA was used for all members of the church, where the majority of contacts were foreign born. Mycobacterial Lineages Causing Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis, Ethiopia. * Nebraska dairies have been free of M. bovis infections since 1978. An official website of the United States government. Michel AL, Mller B, van Helden PD (2010). * Tuberculin skin tests and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) were used for testing U.S.-born and foreign-born contacts, respectively; IGRA was used for all members of the church where the majority of contacts were foreign born. The counts in the four categories of settings are mutually exclusive. Finally, despite not documenting conversion in the first five U.S.-born high-priority contacts who were infected, this observed proportion of latent infections (29% [five of 17]) upon initial testing exceeds the expected background prevalence of latent infection of <2% for persons born in the United States. Characteristics of included studies, the main component of study variables and findings related to the relevant disease condition, are presented in Tables 1a,,b.b. Contact investigations for M. bovis disease should be conducted using the same methods as for M. tuberculosis disease. In 1940, pasteurization became obligatory, and in 1952, the percentage of M. bovis disease had dropped to 1.5%-2.0% in Amsterdam (1,2). Mclnnes MDF, Moher D, Thombs BD, McGrath TA, Bossuyt PM, Clifford T, Cohen JF, Deeks JJ, Gatsonis C, Hooft L, Hunt HA, Hyde CJ, Korevaar DA, Leeflang MMG, Macaskill P, Reitsma JB, Rodin R, Rutjes AWS, Salameh JP, Stevens A, Takwoingi Y, Tonelli M, Weeks L, Whiting P, Willis BH; (2018). URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of * An interferon-gamma release assay was used for testing at the church where foreign-born persons predominated and for other foreign-born contacts. However, caution must be applied as the observed heterogeneity and small sample sizes in these two studies could mean that these findings might not be representative of their study population. M. bovis primarily causes disease in cattle but also infects deer and other mammals (1). Zoonotic tuberculosis in occupationally exposed groups in Pakistan. The association of some M. bovis strains with hyper-virulence, MDR-TB and disseminated disease makes it imperative to understand the biology of the pathogen. However, it was difficult to understand the true picture of the disease prevalence because of methodological differences. Further clarification for unclear scores and additional information was sought to solve discrepancies between the two reviewers. Animal tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is maintained in Portugal in a multi-host system, with cattle, red deer and wild boar, playing a central role. Findings from the contact investigations suggest possible airborne transmission, because approximately one third of the infections could not be explained by potential exposure in countries where M. tuberculosis complex infections are common. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Initially, the protocol was restricted to include studies conducted in developing countries only. She remained ill through late July, when radiography revealed a pulmonary cavity and her sputum smear had numerous AFB. Both groups used selective mycobacterial culture media for cultivation. Correspondingly, a PCR-based study done by Bapat et al confirmed that the prevalence of zoonotic TB in three high-risk districts of India was 11.4%, 8.9% and 12.6% (Bapat et al., 2017). Mycobacterium bovis at the animal-human interface: A problem, or not? During the church contact investigation, she and her parents were determined to have latent infection, but they had stopped taking rifampin after only 2 months. In recent years, M. bovis infections have been detected sporadically among Nebraska beef herds (late 1990s, 2005, 2009, and 2013) and an elk herd (2009) (Nebraska Department of Agriculture, unpublished data, June 29, 2015). The result from nucleic acid amplification testing of sputum was positive for M. tuberculosis complex. The patients knew one another but their interactions were reported to be minimal. All studies that used primarily conventional-based identification methods reported significantly higher prevalence of zoonotic TB than studies that used primarily genotyping-based methods. For studies using archived clinical isolates, demographic profiles were retrieved from databases. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. About half of them (10/19) were from Africa, five from Central and South America, three from Asia, and one study was from Europe. Strain Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosislsolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia. In this review, the techniques used in the 19 included studies for identification of the clinical isolates of the MTBC as well as for differentiation of M. bovis from other MTBC species were classified into two groups. Front Public Health. Field evaluation of the tuberculin skin test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in communal goats (Capra hircus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Publication bias was assessed through diagrammatic presentation and statistically tested using Eggers test. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals: Transmission dynamics and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia. Consumption of imported contaminated dairy products could not be excluded, but locally produced dairy products were unlikely to be contaminated with M. bovis. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008894. Inclusion and selection criteria were defined based on the CoCoPop components of the review method. Role of MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping in assessing the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Henan Province, China. Molecular epidemiology of human and animal tuberculosis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Ethiopia, at the Horn of Africa, was represented by five studies (Belay et al., 2014; Firdessa et al., 2013; Gumi et al., 2012; Nuru et al., 2015,2017) followed by Mexico in the Americas with four studies (Blanco-Guillot et al., 2017; Bobadilla-del Valle et al., 2015; Lopez-Rocha et al., 2013; Portillo-Gomez & Sosa-lglesias, 2011). The overall review approach was done based on condition-context-population (CoCoPop) review method. The latter included molecular techniques such as mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR), spoligotyping and/or any PCR-based amplification methods using specific primers. Thus, all included studies should have at least one specific objective aiming on reporting the epidemiology of MTBC species. Among 100 church members (excluding patient B and high-priority contacts of either patient), 28 (28%) had latent infection, including five U.S.-born children. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Grant/Award Number: BB/L018977/1; Economic & Social Research Council, Grant/Award Number: BB/L018977/1. and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. Possible Airborne Person-to-Person Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis Nebraska 20142015. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted We would like to express our appreciation to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute and the ETHICOBOTS project members for their technical and financial support. Abstract. Bapat PR, Dodkey RS, Shekhawat SD, Husain AA, Nayak AR, Kawle AP, Daginawala HF, Singh LK, & Kashyap RS (2017). Meta-analysis was performed on 19 included studies, with a total of 7,185 MTBC isolates identified; 702 (9.7%) of them were characterized as of subspecies M. bovis, but there was a large prevalence difference between the studies, ranging from 0.4% to 76.7%. Future investigations on zoonotic TB should carefully consider these differences when evaluating prevalence results. Meta-analysis was performed on 19 included studies, with a total of 7,185 MTBC isolates identified; 702 (9.7%) of them were characterized as of subspecies M. bovis, but there was a large prevalence difference between the studies, ranging from 0.4% to 76.7%. et al., 2016). eCollection 2022. Although zoonotic TB is still reported from most continents in the world, it remains challenging to understand the real impact of the disease because of differences in identification methods. Etchechoury I, Echeverra Valencia G., Morcillo N, Sequeira MD, Imperiale B, Lpez M, Caimi K, Zumrraga MJ, Cataldi A, Romano MI (2010). Cleaveland S, Shaw DJ, Mfinanga SG, Shirima G, Kazwala RR, Eblate E, Sharp M (2007). and transmitted securely. Therefore, all cross-sectional studies conducted globally through either a prospective or retrospective data collection method that reported the relevant disease condition were eligible to meet the context of the review. It was projected that the current epidemiological condition of bovine TB in most developing countries could be very similar to that of Europe in the 1930s, during the pre-pasteurization era (Ayele et al., 2004). Therefore, this review and meta-analysis study aimed to summarize recent evidence and used to estimate the global prevalence of human M. bovis cases reported from epidemiological studies published in the last ten years.