biological factors affecting health and illnessbiological factors affecting health and illness

Of the few friends she has only one has any understanding of the situation and has been unable to persuade Miss W that making some small changes would improve her quality of life. Biological factors include genetic influences, brain chemistry, hormone levels, nutrition, and gender. Furthermore, the economic cost of crime to both individuals and public services may reduce resources available for health improvement. With a more positive attitude Miss W is more likely to look after herself better. Gender refers to "the array of socially constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. These determinantsor things that make people healthy or notinclude the above factors, and many others: An evidence base about the impact that projects, programmes and policies have had on health is required to carry out health impact assessment (HIA). Learn more from WebMD about the causes of mental illness, including biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Editors. Water irrigation use and its impact on river/water-table levels and production outputs. This information must be supplemented with local and expert knowledge, policy information, and proposal specific information. Our nursing and healthcare experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have, from simple essay plans, through to full nursing dissertations. In 2016 to 2017, only 5.7% of people with a learning disability and 7.0% of people in contact with secondary mental health services were in employment. (2012) Employment Status and Health: Understanding the Health of the Economically Inactive Population in Scotland. Health inequalities are ultimately about differences in the status of people's health. PHEs Health Equity Board has selected 18 indicators to help monitor how these duties are met, and this forms the PHE Health Equity Dashboard. Accessed 27 April 2018., Hills J (2012) Getting the measure of fuel poverty. (eds.) Addressing the wider determinants of health will help improve health equity as well as overall health. At a more local level, disadvantaged communities are often disproportionately exposed to poor air quality[footnote 8] because they tend to be concentrated in and around polluted spots, such as busy roads. One of the most intriguing examples of this is the phantom limb phenomenon. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press Inc., Bell R (2017) Psychosocial pathways and health outcomes: Informing action on health inequalities. Biological factors: The brain has special chemicals, called neurotransmitters, that send messages back and forth to control the way a person feels. Dietary components are suggested to influence depression (Rogers 2001), so her nutritional intake alone could exacerbate her problems. She is now unhappy with her appearance due to the weight increase and the lack of mental stimulation has resulted in low self esteem. These differences appear to be a function of genetics. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Department of Work and Pensions (2018) HBAI: an analysis of the UK income distribution 1994/95 to 2016/17, Joyce R (2018) Poverty and low pay in the UK: the state of play and the challenges ahead. How does damage to a biological process or part affect behavior? Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health. Significance Mental disorders are increasingly understood biologically. Children growing up in workless households are almost twice as likely not to reach expected attainment at all stages of education compared with children growing up in working families[footnote 29]. Access to green space is unequally distributed, with poorer communities generally having less access[footnote 10]. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These factors all have an effect on each other, to demonstrate the interactions between the biological, psychological and social aspects an example will be used. Police recorded offences for violence against the person in England have increased from 10.6 per 1,000 in financial year 2012 to 2013, up to 20.0 per 1,000 in 2016 to 2017 (Figure 10). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social . Source: Wider determinants of health profile. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It is one of the major perspectives in psychology and involves such things as studying the brain, immune system, nervous system, and genetics. Accessed 14 June 2017., Waddell G and Burton K (2006) Is work good for your health and well-being? http://www.drugswell.com/winow/+winowHEALTH%20PSYCHOLOGY/images/20825975-Health-Psychology_img_0.jpg. Discover The Restrictions Here! A biological change in the brain, such as a lesion, is considered to be the "cause" of a mental disorder, based on finding an association between the lesion and a mental disorder (Alonso, 2002 p. 241). What are the causes of psychological disorders according to biological and psychological perspective? (2018) The homelessness monitor: England 2018., Cutler DM and Lleras-Muney A (2006) Education and health: evaluating theories and evidence. Physically her health has declined but the significant effects of the condition are on Miss Ws psychological and social health. Sustainable farming including chemical and energy use, biodiversity, organic production methods, and diversity of foods produced. Before housing costs, the percentage of children in relative low income households was 19%, while after housing costs the proportion remained steady at 30% in financial year 2016 to 2017 (Figure 7). the transmission of agents of infectious disease from human and animal excreta (sanitation, hygiene and water-related); exposure to toxic chemicals in human and animal excreta; and in industrial wastes discharged into the environment; environmental degradation, direct and indirect impacts on health; exposure to solid wastes and involvement in informal waste recycling; and, Hydropower and their impact on vector borne diseases, and pollution, Occupational health effects of energy workers, Impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, forests, fisheries and building materials, Manufacture of rubber and plastic products, City environment and non-communicable diseases. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. NON-BIOLOGICALLY-BASED MENTAL ILLNESS. National food security able to provide adequate nutrition within a country without relying heavily on imported products. Created by: Sean Gimson; Created on: 24-08-12 12:14; Fullscreen. 35, 229 to 253., Office for National Statistics (2018) Contracts that do not guarantee a minimum number of hours: April 2018 Accessed 27 April 2018., Health and Safety Executive (2018) LFS - Labour Force Survey - Self-reported work-related ill health and workplace injuries: Index of LFS tables Accessed 27 April 2018., Lorenc T and otehrs. Psychological factors influence not just the experience of health and illness, but also health behaviours. Is depression a biologically based mental illness? (2010) Fair society, healthy lives: Strategic review of health inequalities in England post-2010. Factors affecting health. difficult childhood experiences. Metals such as lead and mercury. Setting the standards for learning, development and care for children from birth to five. Self-efficacy is key to making self management more effective (Lorig et al, 2003). The proportion of individuals in the UK falling below the Minimum Income Standard (MIS) increased between 2008 to 2009 and 2013 to 2014, followed by a small decline to 29.7% in 2015 to 2016. The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological issues by studying the physical basis for animal and human behavior. Info: 1616 words (6 pages) Nursing Essay *County and unitary authority deprivation deciles in England (Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015). Source: Office for National Statistics, house price to residence-based earnings ratio. Forest Research, Farnham., Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (2018) English Housing Survey Headline Report, 2016 to 2017 Accessed 27 April 2018., Local Government Association (2017) The impact of homelessness on health. I order function enough to go to work she reduced her leisure activities to an almost nonexistent level and after a short time could not manage to work and was given medical severance. She now comfort eats and eats out of boredom, she rarely eats a proper meal and the food she eats is of poor nutritional content and generally high fat and/or high in sugar. An Overview of Health Psychology Health psychology is a field of psychology focused on promoting health as well as the prevention and treatment of disease and illness. (2013) Adjusting for selection bias in longitudinal analyses using simultaneous equations modelling: the relationship between employment transitions and mental health. The Community Life Survey revealed that 39% of the population in England formally or informally volunteered at least once a month in survey year 2016 to 2017[footnote 37]. With access to CBT and other non pharmacological treatments Miss W would be likely to have a more positive outlook. since 2003, Your NursingAnswers.net purchase is secure and we're rated How do personal behaviors affect your health? Income can affect many aspects of health and in . Oxford University Press on Demand., Padley M et al. Note: improved recording and/or increased reporting may be responsible for some change in reported crimes. This perspective in psychology has allowed researchers to gain a greater understanding of how the brain and nervous system influence human behavior. bereavement (losing someone close to you) severe or long-term stress. See inequality data. In other diseases, including many mental disorders, gene variants play a role in increasing or decreasing a person's risk of developing a disease or condition. Some years ago PET and SPECT imaging showed that clinical depression may be linked with abnormal function in certain areas of the brain, particularly the frontal and temporal lobes (iv). The effect of the depression is that Miss W now no longer takes good care of herself. Examples of signs and symptoms include: Feeling sad or down; Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate; Excessive fears or worries, or extreme feelings of guilt Some of these biological risk factors include chromosomal and chemical abnormalities, genetic predisposition, medical illness, poor response to medication, poor sleep, substance abuse, brain damage, and already having a mental health disorder. Systematic variations in these factors are social inequalities. By feeling better about herself she is more likely to stick to an exercise plan and improve her overall fitness level giving her more stamina. Leeds: NHS Digital. Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disorder, circumstances and other factors. Culture - customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health. Research is advancing our understanding of the role of genetics in mental health. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this essay are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of NursingAnswers.net. But the term is also used to refer to differences in the care that people receive and the opportunities that they have to lead healthy lives - both of which can contribute to their health status. Accessed 1 August 2016., Dennis R (2004) Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives. What Is Prohibited In A Command Economy? The possibility of improved housing leading to rent rises, impacting negatively on health. It has been found that 40 -50 % of chronic pain patients suffer from depression (Romano and Turner, 1985 as cited in chronic physical disorders 2002). For example, psychopharmacology has demonstrated the importance of neurochemical substances in the brain, and sociobiology has emphasized the role of genetic factors in behavior. Many aspects of housing can affect our health. Biological psychology, also called physiological psychology, is the study of the biology of behavior; it focuses on the nervous system, hormones and genetics. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. A higher proportion of children were in households living below this standard (44.3%) than working age adults (29.0%) and pensioners (15.4%). Biological factors affect the risk of developing schizophrenia or other severe mental illnesses among people at genetic risk. These are leading causes of morbidity identified in Chapter 3. Source: 1) NOMIS, Annual Population Survey/Labour Force Survey. Have you ever wondered what a particular station is called , Spread the loveSociology is an ever-evolving subject that plays a crucial role in understanding human behavior, social relationships, and societal structures. Unlike the MIS measure presented above which is based on public opinions of standard of living, these child poverty measures are based on people living in households below 60% of median income. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Her body would have the nutrients it needs to function better and she would lose weight. Forestry vector borne diseases, occupational health, and food security. You have accepted additional cookies. The indicators are drawn from the Public Health Outcomes Framework and indicators on the social determinants of health are included. What are biological factors that affect health? Some of the strongest evidence is for effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The persons biological health, psychological health and social interactions all create the overall picture of their health. Study for free with our range of nursing lectures! Alcohol consumption and impact on social effects related to behaviour (traffic accidents, work/home accidents, violence, social relations, unwanted pregnancy and STDs), and toxic effects (all-cause mortality, alcoholism, certain cancers, liver cirrhosis, psychosis, poisoning, gastritis, stroke, fetal alcohol syndrome and others). Income is related to life expectancy, disability free life expectancy[footnote 4], self-reported health and a range of biomarkers (objective indicators linked to diseases/conditions)[footnote 18]. Physiology is the scientific study of functions and activities of living organisms, along with their anatomy. Notes: concentrations of PM2.5 vary from year to year due to a number of factors including changes in emissions and changes in weather. 1. Source: Department of Work and Pensions (2018) HBAI: an analysis of the UK income distribution 1994/95 to 2016/17. What are examples from the food and agriculture sector? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Leeds: NHS Digital Accessed 19 June 2018.. Miss W has a limited understanding of her condition and therefore has a much more negative outlook than she may if she fully understood. In Dahlgren, G. and Whitehead, M. (2007). A number of air pollutants have adverse effects on health. Institute of Fiscal Studies. Microorganisms such as salmonella, campylobacter, E. coli O157, listeria, cholera. Biological factors consist of anything physical that can cause adverse effects on a person's mental health. 2) NHS Digital, Adult Social Care Outcome Framework. How does evidence-based approach work within health impact assessment? Tobacco farming and its impact on heart disease, stroke, certain cancers and chronic respiratory disease. experiencing discrimination and stigma, including racism. There were nearly 4,000 illnesses caused or made worse by work per 100,000 workers in England in financial year 2016 to 2017. Inequalities of what? No simple association, or correlation, equates to causation. While not working will be the right option for some people, staying out of work longer term may contribute to a worsening of health outcomes for others. The rate of first time entrants into the criminal justice system reduced in 2017. She has put on a considerable amount of weight and is now classed as morbidly obese. Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Accidents between motor vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians (particularly children and young people). She had a strong social network and usually had a happy and cheerful disposition. Discover the Impact of Technology on Our Favorite Shows and Movies. People living in the private rented sector were most vulnerable to fuel poverty, 21.3% of households experienced fuel poverty, compared with 7.4% of owner-occupiers. This compares to an employment rate of 45.0% for people with long term health conditions, 7.0% for people in contact with secondary mental health services, and 5.7% for people with a learning disability (Figure 9). It took nearly 2 years for fibromyalgia to be diagnosed. Discover The Importance Of Sociology In Todays Society! Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The person's individual characteristics and behaviours. Notes: relative low income is household income below 60% of contemporary median income. The Biopsychosocial modal of health care as developed by Engel (J.Ogden, 2012) takes into account the connections between the Biological, Psychological and Social factors. Crime affects physical and mental health in many ways[footnote 34]. New foods developed from biotechnology such as crops modified to resist pests, changes in animal husbandry, antibiotic use and new food additives. A strong local economy provides sufficient quantity and quality of employment opportunities for the population. This essay should not be treated as an authoritative source of information when forming medical opinions as information may be inaccurate or out-of-date. The physical environment. In all countries with available data, substantial inequalities have been found that amount to a difference of several years of life expectancy between those with higher and lower levels of education, occupation, or income. Broader determinants of health: future trends. Perpetrators of crime are also more likely to have worse health across a range of conditions than the general population[footnote 35]. Unemployment among disabled people (8.9%) was double the proportion among people who were not disabled (4.4%) (Figure 8). n. Anything which affects the function and behavior of a living organism. Table of Contents show What are psychosocial risk factors? The private rented sector had the largest proportion of dwellings not meeting the standard at 27%, compared with 20% of owner-occupied homes and 13% of social rented homes. Depending on the area of the brain that has sustained damage, effects on the brain can include but are not limited to memory loss, change in motor skills, change in visual skills, and change in the senses. Livestock use vector borne diseases, drug residues, animal feed, waste, and food security. 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; pp. What does biological mean in mental health? CBT can also be effective in reducing the sleep problems associated with fibromyalgia. Pesticide usage and veterinary drugs legal requirements, best practice, consumer issues. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. In 2015 to 2016, 57% of people living in households with incomes below 60% of the median (after housing costs) were children or working age adults from households with someone in work, up from 35% in 1994 to 1995. For example, if an individual quits smoking, his or her risk of developing heart disease is greatly reduced. BMC Public Health, 12(327)., Steele F and others. making decisions about smoking cessation based on beliefs about health and belief in ones own ability to make changes. Psychosocial effects such as severance of communities by large roads and the restriction of childrens movement. Total, saturated and polyunsaturated fat, carbohydrates and sugars consumption on obesity, heart disease, stroke and other vascular diseases. Internally, this factor can be a physical, physiological, chemical, neurological, or genetic condition which causes a psychological effect. [1, 2] This report highlights the current evidence that exists about the relationships between social determinants, psychosocial factors and health outcomes. Accessed 27 April 2018., DEFRA (2006) Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis. Published: 11th Feb 2020. Improvements in housing and improved mental health and general health. Spread the loveEntertainment has always been a vital part of our lives, from movies and TV shows to video games and music. Both offenders and victims are more likely to live in the most deprived areas. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health. Those with a lower sense of belonging to their neighbourhood or who have little trust in others in their local area reported feeling lonely more often[footnote 38]. Health and disease Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing. Medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky (1979, 1987) suggested we consider health and illness as ends of a continuum (E.Sarafino 2008). Annual Review of Public Health. European Strategies for Tackling Social Inequities in Health: Levelling Up Part 2. We divide these influences into biological, behavioral, and environmental (physical and social) even though our model of children's health views their effects as highly intertwined and difficult to isolate. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. London, Kings Fund. Consequently, irrespective of the reason people are not working it gives insight into the proportion of different groups who gain the benefits that employment provides (though not all employed people will have as much work as desired). Public Health England and the Institute of Health Equity., Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2014) How Does Money Influence Health?. Through less direct channels, the fear of crime can not only have psychological effects but directly reduce health promoting behaviours such as physical activity and social contact. It is generally assumed that the evidence for health impacts exists, and that searching and collating will provide the necessary evidence. 3: How does the damage to a biological process or part affect behavior? The decline in social interactions and her financial situation has affected her psychological state which has intern exacerbated her physical symptoms.