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There are two main methods of underground mining: room-and-pillar and longwall mining. CAS Thank you for visiting nature.com. The authors declare no competing interests. 42 terms. 3099067, Automation of longwall components and systems, Ventilation and methane, dust, and noise controls, Longwall power distribution and system control. 9 (2021). Apart from the direct cost involved, Francies, M. L., Ata, M. M. & Mohamed, M.A. In mining: Longwall mining In the longwall system the ore body is divided into rectangular panels or blocks. Considering that the downhole datasets are still blank at present, this work constructs image dataset DsLMF+ for intelligent recognition of abnormal condition in underground longwall mining face, which mainly consists of the hydraulic support guard plate, large coal, towline, mine safety helmet, coal miners and miners behaviour in the fully mechanized face. 7, 409 (2020). The method used depends on the geology of the coal deposit. limiting factors to the size of longwall blocks: Longwall Mining Overview | Introduction | underground COAL, list of drillers, drilling equipment suppliers and exploration organizations, alternative shortwall mining method - gretley colliery, mine design relating to dimensions and shape. Autonomous coal mining machines in longwall mining face can assist or replace human to complete the dangerous mining work, achieve safe and efficient production in coal mine. J. 3. Pang, H., Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Li, B. ADS Bigger longwall blocks Future Internet. Coal will remain the dominant energy source worldwide for decades to come1. For the other cases, considering that it is easy to be affected by personal subjective factors in the process of screening images, the multiple people uniformly reviewed the controversial images in the dataset when removing images from the dataset, especially for those images that are difficult to distinguish. J. IM can now exclusively reveal that Caterpillar Inc is set to effectively withdraw completely from underground coal and soft rock mining through the divestment of its longwall business to Germanys Hauhinco Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co KG, based in Sprockhvel, North Rhine-Westphalia. Hence, it is necessary to find the status of the hydraulic support guard plate in time and deal with it accordingly. environmental impacts of longwall mining-acid mine drainage-damage to aquifers-damage to human structures. Internet Explorer). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like longwall mining, longwall mining pros, longwall cons and more. production and hence income is zero during this period. Mining employees safety and the application of information technology in coal mining:Review. Chen, Z. et al. We are especially grateful to all those who participated in the dataset construction and label annotation process, including instructors, seniors, and other participants. Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically 0.6-6.0 m (2 ft 0 in - 19 ft 8 in) thick). Academic Journal of Computing & Information Science. The coal mine image dataset produced in this work is of great significance for the application of deep learning object detection algorithm for the intelligent identification and classification of abnormal conditions for underground mining, which aims to support further research and advancement of intelligence in the fully mechanized longwall mining face . Wang, D. L., Zeng, X. T., Wang, G. F. & Li, R. Stability of a face guard in a large mining height working face. 8, 66 (2021). arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.02696. & Chen, J. Two-Dimensional Codes Recognition Algorithm Based on Yolov5. Longwalls are not very flexible and are "unforgiving" - they do not handle seam discontinuities well; Except the mine workers entering dangerous areas, the coal miners will have a variety of different postures during work. International Journal of Simulation Modeling. 10, 8541685428 (2022). two roadways that form the sides of the longwall block, with one rib of this Those features are fully documented in the new edition. J. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. Moreover, we will further expand the DsLMF+ dataset to make the dataset have better applicability and universality in the fully mechanized coal mining face. Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian University of Science and Technology, No.58, Mid-Yanta Road, Xian, 710054, China, Wenjuan Yang,Xuhui Zhang,Bing Ma,Yanqun Wang,Yujia Wu,Jianxing Yan,Chao Zhang,Jicheng Wan,Yue Wang,Mengyao Huang,Yuyang Li&Dian Zhao, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Mine Electromechanical Equipment Intelligent Detection and Control, No.58, Yanta Road, Xian, 710054, China, MARCO automatic control system development Co.,LTD, No.20, Fenghui South Road, Xian, 710054, China, You can also search for this author in Since the last plow longwall mine was closed in 2018, the chapter on plow longwalling has been dropped and in its place Automation of Longwall Components and System is added. Bauer, Z. et al. CAS There is a history of cooperation between Hauhinco and Caterpillar notably Hauhinco working with the Caterpillar facility in Luenen to design complete water hydraulic systems for Caterpillar underground longwall mining systems. Scientific Data. adversely impacted. abbeydearden. Longwall Mining, 3rd Edition (1st ed.). In the past 13 years since the publication of Longwall Mining, 2nd edition in 2006, although there have been no major changes in longwall mining technology and operations, many incremental developments in the whole system as well as various subsystems of the existing longwall mining operational technologies as detailed in the 2nd edition have been added to this edition. longwall miningc. temperatureb. are moved and relocated with the face equipment. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The above mAP values indicate that the models have good performance, and the DsLMF+ dataset performs well under YOLOv7, DETA and ViT-Adapter-L. However, in the process of operation, the traction cable would be broken or be removed from the cable slot due to the stacking of cable clamps, and the cable may be torn off, resulting in underground electric leakage, which may eventually lead to electric shock, gas, coal dust explosion, fire and other major coal mine safety accidents. discontinuities or variations, already existing mine development and/or Coal mining is only a temporary use of land, so it is vital that mine rehabilitation takes place once operations have stopped. Longwall Mining, 3rd edition will be of interest to professionals and academics in the field of mining engineering specifically, serving both as a reference work and an (under)graduate textbook, but will also interest civil, geomechanical and geological engineers and rock mechanics professionals, as well as coal operators, mining consultants, researchers, equipment manufacturers, and government regulators. longwall mining. Qu, Z., Zhu, F. & Qi, C. Remote Sensing Image Target Detection: Improvement of the YOLOv3 Model with Auxiliary Networks. The validation of the DsLMF+ datasets by using of the models ViT-Adapter-L, DETA and YOLOv7. 85 terms. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Scientific Data (Sci Data) Each of these folders contains the training set image folder, verification set image folder and label folder respectively named as train2017, val2017 and annotations, which are used to store training set pictures, verification set pictures and label files. For the fully mechanized longwall mining face, large sized coal is easy to cause scraper conveyor blockage, retention and other abnormal state. 5, the detection effect and accuracy demonstrated the reliability and practicability of DsLMF+ datasets. Wu, Q. F. et al. the power, the larger (and therefore heavier) the chain on the face conveyor mabi6571. The Labelimg software has been used to complete the label annotation of datasets in the YOLO format30, which make it convenient to be used in the currently popular YOLO series target detection networks. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. In accordance with the coal mining process of the fully mechanized coal face, once the hydraulic support plate is not in place or not fully recovered during the working process, it may cause the movement interference between hydraulic support and shearer. By carefully pre-planning projects, implementing pollution control measures, monitoring the effects of mining and rehabilitating mined areas, the coal industry minimises the impact of its activities on the neighbouring community, the immediate environment and on long-term land capability. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/longwall, (Mining & Quarrying) a method of extracting coal from a mine whereby a long wall of coal is mined at one time, ENPNewswire-August 23, 2019--Mechel Reports Launch of New, "While some mine operators own some pieces of, Arch Coal announced that it has commenced development of a, It is common to see roadways laid ahead of workface in, Therefore, quantitatively relating the fracturing of the main roof to the change in strain energy in the rock around the, International Resource News-August 16, 2013--Cumberland Coal resumes operations at, Denver, CO, May 31, 2013 --(PR.com)-- Gates Corporation, a global diversified manufacturer of industrial and automotive aftermarket parts, will introduce its patent-pending iLok[TM] coupling for underground coal mines at the 2013, The 29 papers in this collection cover plow technology and its perspectives, and constructing and maintaining opening-out headings for plowing, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Mechel Reports Launch of New Longwall at Southern Kuzbass, Concerns about Bis-Cougar mining equipment deal, Arch Coal commences development of longwall mine in West Virginia, The Impact of Airway Geometry on the Distribution of Methane Concentrations at the Outlet from a Longwall, Accident Analysis in Relation to Main Roof Structure When Longwall Face Advances toward a Roadway: A Case Study, EFFECTS OF MAIN ROOF FRACTURING ON ENERGY EVOLUTION DURING THE EXTRACTION OF THICK COAL SEEMS IN DEEP LONGWALL FACES, -Cumberland Coal resumes operations at longwall mine, Gates Corporation to Introduce New iLok[TM] Coupling for Underground Coal Mines at 2013 Longwall USA Exhibition & Conference, New techniques and technologies in thin coal seam exploitation; proceedings, Longview/Gladewater/Kilgore, TX, USA - Gregg County, Longville Ambulance Subordinate Service District. FINet: An Insulator Dataset and Detection Benchmark Based on Synthetic Fog and Improved YOLOv5. 15 answers. Both face width and length may be governed by limitations created by lease boundaries, seam PubMed The construction process of the image dataset of underground longwall mining face (DsLMF+) is shown in Fig. VinDr-CXR: An open dataset of chest X-rays with radiologists annotations. The author would like to thank the several coal mines of Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Sunjiacha Longhua Mining Co.,LTD for providing us with effective access to the image database of fully mechanized mining face and agreeing to open the dataset. J. Computational Visual Media. Figure4 shows the graphs of the three models performance during validation, the mAP value curves of each target detection network model. An open dataset for intelligent recognition and classification of abnormal condition in longwall mining. Lu, Y., Lu, J., Zhang, S. & Hall, P. Traffic signal detection and classification in street views using an attention model. Caterpillar has been making some major strategic moves of late to focus on its core surface mining and underground hard rock mining equipment products, technologies and systems. A track mounted shearer is used to cut the coal. The original image source of the DsLMF+ dataset will then be screened. The overburden of soil and rock is first broken up by explosives; it is then removed by draglines or by shovel and truck. +44 7739 438 480, 2020 World Coal Association | Unless otherwise stated, all images are courtesy of iStock. 9, 429 (2022). system lost into the goaf, especially if there is a lot of water on the face. DavidFlyn. The answer (c) is incorrect because longwall mining is an underground coal mining method that uses metal ceiling supports to enable the single-slice extraction of a long wall panel of coal. Label annotation for the dataset of fully mechanized longwall mining face: (a) Coal miner; (b) large coal; (c) mine safety helmet; (d) towline; (e) hydraulic support guard plate; (f) miners behaviors. installed is referred to as the "main gate" (or "maingate"), with the roadway at the opposite end across the face and for some degree of roof to floor closure. Match. to fit into the excavation and allow room for access past them, for ventilation The tri-classification automatic filter model has been provided along with the datasets, and its specific usage can be on reference on in its attached README file. & Lu, Z. Weakly supervised classification model for zero-shot semantic segmentation. 2 Claridge Court, Lower Kings Road of pillar extraction are: A major decision to be made is the size of longwall When coal has been extracted from the area, the roof is allowed to collapse. incorporate shearers, roof supports, face conveyors and more into one system that can be tightly orchestrated by advanced electronics including cutting-edge automation. The obtained automatic filter model can be used to deal with the invalid images data automatically to increase the reproducibility of our datasets and enhance the chances for other researchers to collaborate with the datasets. J. Microprocessors and Microsystems. J. Comparative analysis of deep learning image detection algorithms. Noise can be controlled through the careful selection of equipment and insulation and sound enclosures around machinery. Finally, the filtered original image datasets were annotated using LabelImg software and named the label, and here we provide an official open source download link (https://github.com/heartexlabs/labelImg) for the Labelimg software. 300m but may be longer) is created by driving a roadway at right angles between Safety helmet is a kind of safety equipment that coal miners must wear at all times during their work. The software packages can be downloaded according to README files under the corresponding links on different networks, and can be installed with the python package installer (pip). Caterpillar Incs executive office made this statement to IM: Caterpillar has entered into a preliminary agreement withHauhinco to divest the longwall product line. Terms in this set (17) Applicatiion - tabular shaped deposits - large lateral extent Xia, G.S. Self-advancing, hydraulically-powered supports temporarily hold up the roof while coal is extracted. In a fully mechanized working face, hydraulic support is indispensable to the whole faces safe production. Zhang, Z. D. et al. DOI link for Longwall Mining, 3rd Edition. Major developments are automation, and health and safety technology, as well as equipment reliability, thereby greatly increasing productivity and cutting cost. J. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. Xu, Z., Li, J. Lin, L. et al. Test. In hydraulic_support_guard_plate_90_abnormal state, the unfolding angle of the guard plate is 90, and there is a small gap between the guard plate and the coal wall, so the support strength is not enough. geo exam quizzes pt 2. Sci Data 10, 416 (2023). and JavaScript. PubMed Central J. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. Detailed rehabilitation or reclamation plans are designed and approved, covering the period from the start of operations until well after mining has finished. When the guard plate is in these three states, it will interfere with the shearer in operation. Table9 presents the required site-packages and their corresponding versions for the above three different networks. Article Click here to navigate to respective pages. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52104166) and Shaanxi Coal Joint Founds (No.2021JLM-03). . This work develops an image dataset of underground longwall mining face (DsLMF+), which consists of 138004 images with annotation 6 categories of mine personnel, hydraulic support guard plate, large coal, towline, miners behaviour and mine safety helmet. International Mining 110 (2022). Probabilistic atlas for the language network based on precision fMRI data from >800 individuals. Luo, S., Li, X., Zhang, X. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Enable real-time decision-making and keep more workers out of harm's way with remotely managed automated longwall equipment. J. Optik. Automation improvement such as tail-end automatic chain tensioner greatly extends AFC chain's service life. 6, 162 (2019). operations, Labour costs/tonne (2018). CRC Press. Because of the unforgiving nature of longwalls, experienced labour is essential for successful To ensure the reliability of the DsLMF+ dataset in this work, we also conducted a comprehensive manual review of all images and their corresponding label annotation. The DsLMF+ datasets built in this work are divided into training set and validation set at the ratio32 of 8:2. 5) Due to the influence of the downhole environment and the distance between the target from the camera, the target object at a far distance is difficult to distinguish from other equipment. Step 4 4 of 6 Match. correctly the coal is mined in a systematic, relatively continuous and The researchers can set the label in YOLO, VOC or CreateML format and annotate the images according to the instructions provided by the official. 239 (2022). The underground coal mine production of the fully mechanized mining face exists many problems, such as poor operating environment, high accident rate and so on. & Kaushal,M. climate. 4 most abundant elements in soil: oxygen (46%) silicon (28%) aluminum (8%) . A multiobjective hybrid optimization algorithm for path planning of coal mine patrol robot. Exam 2. face conditions often depend on production being more or less continuous, so Google Scholar. operations. Mine operations work to improve their water management, aiming to reduce demand through efficiency, technology and the use of lower quality and recycled water. Scaling up face masks detection with YOLO on a novel dataset. Other roof supports (longwall chocks or shields on modern longwalls) In order to verify the feasibility of the constructed dataset, this work selected YOLOv734, DETA35 and ViT-Adapter-L36 three top deep learning network from the COCO target detection ranking list, and conducted model training and verification on the DsLMF+ dataset. AlexDesai PLUS. PubMedGoogle Scholar. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. On the basis of the analysis on the format and production method of the above commonly used object detection datasets, the production of the datasets in this work has been completed by personnels who are familiar with the fully mechanized mining face in coal mine. J. IEEE ACCESS. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. On February 23 a similar deal was announced with Simmons Equipment Co in Virginia, US for low seam room and pillar lines. The codes used for training and validation of the DsLMF+ datasets in this work adopts DETA, ViT-Adapter-L and YOLOv7 official published open source scripts, and the code of the above three deep learning network for dataset verification can be accessed via the following website link (https://github.com/jozhang97/deta), (https://github.com/czczup/vit-adapter), and (https://github.com/wongkinyiu/yolov7). More technology, automation and innovation are coming to room and pillar and longwall mining to meet your increasing challenges. 12, 12631268 (2022). All rights reserved. & Halim, C. I. COCO (Creating Common Object in Context) Dataset for Chemistry Apparatus. Implementation of Video Transcoding Client Based on FFMPEG. Longwall mining systems are capable of producing significant outputs from a single longwall face - 8 million tones per annum or more. these chains have to be manhandled on the face at times and there are the way) is a very major operation. In pursuit of high productivity and cutting cost, life cycle management that increases equipment reliability has been implemented by OEM. Large opencast mines can cover an area of many square kilometres and use very large pieces of equipment, such as draglines, power shovels, large trucks, bucket wheel excavators and conveyors. In the process of labeling the guard plate, the label types cover all angles of the hydraulic support guard plate. Stay on top of trends with help from our experts, customer success stories and industry point-of-viewso you feel equipped to successfully maintain and optimize your operation. 171, 24452452 (2020). In the complex working environment, the unsafe behaviours of miners will also easily lead to the increase of safety accidents in coal mine, and the abnormal behaviour of the downhole staff also needs attention at any time. Other health and safety features such as LASC, personal proximity detection, color lighting, automatic shield water sprays and remote shearer control are fully operational. factor. Task-oriented feature-fused network with multivariate dataset for joint face analysis. The image data of mine personnel came from 58 different scenes, the image data of large coal came from 18 different scenes, the image data of guard plate came from 159 different scenarios, the image data of towline images came from 65 different scenarios, the image data of mine safety helmet came from 85 different scenarios, and the image data of the miners behaviors came from 67 different scenarios. Wide aspect ratio matching for robust face detection. rachel_clark74 PLUS. J. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. In addition, Caterpillar in 2020 had confirmed it was closing its Luenen, Germany underground coal longwall (and plow) mining equipment factory with production moved to Asia. Longwall Mining Process. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the abnormal situation of equipment, environment and personnel are expected to achieve real-time and accurate detection. https://figshare.com/s/1644c2e3d8295834ecf8, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Trees planted in these buffer zones can also minimise the visual impact of mining operations on local communities. The image acquisition equipment is composed of IVG-G5A network HD camera and Openmv IMX335(1/2.8) lens. Find step-by-step Environmental science solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Salt is mined underground using what technique? The access links of DETA, ViT-Adapter-L and YOLOv7 that used to verify the datasets are respectively https://github.com/jozhang97/deta, https://github.com/czczup/vit-adapter and https://github.com/wongkinyiu/yolov7. Among them, hydraulic_support_guard_plate_00 state is the state when the guard plate is fully recovered and there is no interference with shearer operation. Improved Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm Based on Faster R-CNN. Over 75% of the coal in the deposit can be extracted from panels of coal that can extend 3km through the coal seam. Subject to the negotiation of a final agreement, the deal is expected to be completed in Q3, 2022. When mining is done, rock pillars are removed. will enable the number of relocations to be minimized, however there are longwall synonyms, longwall pronunciation, longwall translation, English dictionary definition of longwall. Google Scholar. (a) Shearer; (b) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_00; (c) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_00_30; (d) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_30_60; (e) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_60_90; (f) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_90; (g) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_abnormal; (h) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_90_abnormal; (i) hydraulic_support_guard_plate_90_120. Operations are very concentrated ("all eggs in one basket"). Team Publishing Ltd Sensors. & Serrat, J. Hierarchical Novelty Detection for Traffic Sign Recognition.J. ventilation capacity. depending on a number of factors (see later notes). In hydraulic_support_guard_plate_90_120 state, the unfolding angle of the guard plate is too large, which resulting in the gap between the guard plate and the coal wall is too large, and the support strength is not enough. Varadarajan, V., Garg, D. & Kotecha, K. An Efficient Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Object Detection and Recognition Using a Multi-Scale Anchor Box in Real-Time. 3099067 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG 2023 Informa UK Limited, Peng, S. (2019). Longwall Mining J. M. Galvin Chapter First Online: 03 February 2016 Abstract Since the early 1980s, the longwall method has developed into the safest, highest producing and most productive form of underground coal mining, rivalling the performance of many surface mining operations. Other Quizlet sets. Related questions. When operating A robust multiclass 3D object recognition based on modern YOLO deep learning algorithms. Breadcrumbs Section. The longer the face the more power is required on the face coal haulage system (see later notes on Solution mining: An underground mining method that includes dissolving minerals or resources in a solvent and then extracting them. Figure2 shows the label annotations of coal miners, large coal, towline, mine safety helmet, miners behavior and supporting state of the hydraulic support guard plate. Implementation of Deep Learning Algorithm on a Custom Dataset for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Applications. Email: [emailprotected] or [emailprotected], Posted by Paul Moore on 24th February 2022, AngloGold eyes autonomous haulage advantages at Nevada project, BME enhances blasting control and monitoring with next-generation Xplolog release, Appian Capital to take on Rosh Pinah zinc-lead mine in Namibia, Caterpillar has entered into a preliminary agreement with. repetitive process which is ideal for strata control and for associated mining This process is repeated continuously, web by web, thus J. scientific data. Caterpillar andHauhinco will work together to ensure a smooth transition to minimise any impacts to customers and dealers. On the reasoning behind the move, the company stated: To stay focused on Caterpillar core products and services, the company has made the decision to exit the longwall product line.. A machine called a shearer moves back and forth along the seam. Other Quizlet sets. A. longwall mining B. open-pit mining C. solution mining D. surface mining. The ore falls onto a conveyor belt and transport it out of mine. . The specific review method is as follows: five members with rich working experience in the coal mining field are selected to check the image dataset and label information one by one to see whether there are missing or wrong labels. global warming Multicultural 504: Sexual Orientation. France AOS2 (Key events) 50 terms. Joy-engineered powered roof support PRS solutions. In hydraulic_support_guard_plate_abnormal state, there is a problem in the structure of the hydraulic support guard plate, which should be replaced in time. (a) coal miners; (b) large coal;(c) towline; (d) mine safety helmet; (e) miners behaviours; (f) hydraulic support guard plate. 4, 253266 (2018). A coal haulage system is installed across the face, on Neelam Jaikishore, C. et al. a. room and pillar miningb. The involved dataset labels of the hydraulic support guard plate states are shown in Fig. In order to ensure the universality and compatibility of this dataset, we collected the images of mine personnel, large coal, towline, mine safety helmet, miners behaviors and hydraulic support guard plate from multiple scenes, respectively. 12, 13557 (2022). Longwall Mining. 9, 6848268497 (2021). Wang, C.Y., Bochkovskiy, A., & Liao, H.M. YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors.J. It is necessary to automatically identify and track large coal, so as to timely judge and warn the abnormal state of large coal. Kumar, A., Kalia, A., Verma,K., Sharma,A. Among which, In accordance with the different angle of unfolding of the hydraulic support guard plate, the supporting states of the hydraulic support guard plate are divided into eight kinds of type, which were respectively named as hydraulic_support_guard_plate_00, hydraulic_support_guard_plate_00_30, hydraulic_support_guard_plate_30_60, hydraulic_ support_guard_plate_60_90, hydraulic_support_guard_plate_90,hydraulic_support_guard_ plate_90_abnormal, hydraulic _support_guard_plate_90_120 and hydraulic_support_guard_ plate_abnormal.